Data study · June 15, 2026
We probed 9,992,781 of the world’s most popular domains and labelled each one alive, redirect, blocked, or dead. The real dead figure is 14.1% — not the 27.6% a naive crawl reports, because most of “dead” is just blocking you.
14.1%
of the 9,992,781 probed top domains are genuinely dead — gone from DNS or refusing every connection.
8.9%
answer but block bots
1.1%
of responders are parked
Homepage-level reachability from a datacenter IP — a lower bound.
14.1%
of the 9,992,781 probed domains are genuinely dead — no DNS, no connection, nothing answers. That is the real dead-web figure, not the 27.6% a naive crawl reports.
8.9%
answer but block automated clients (403/429/challenge) from a datacenter IP — alive, just not to a bot. Naive scans count these as dead.
10.3%
of all domains no longer resolve in DNS — the dominant cause of true death, 1,027,492 domains gone dark.
33%
.cn is the deadest common TLD — institutional and cheap-registration TLDs rot fastest, well above the .com baseline.
Every probed domain, by outcome
A naive 2024 crawl of the same top-10M list reported 27.6% dead. Probe honestly — separating genuine death from anti-bot blocking and answered errors — and the real figure is 14.1%. Here is where the difference goes.
DNS failure, anti-bot 403s, 404/5xx and timeouts all lumped together
No DNS, connection refused, or nothing accepts a connection
Where the “dead” really goes
The same domains, probed by an honest bot and by a browser-like client (real Chrome TLS/JA3). Where the browser column is lower on dead/blocked, the site is reachable — the bot just wasn't let in.
| Probe arm | Probed | Alive | Blocked | Dead | Dead % |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Polite bot | 9,992,781 | 7,657,422 | 891,517 | 1,412,544 | 14.1% |
| Reachability (browser) | 9,997,315 | 7,743,245 | 819,599 | 1,412,889 | 14.1% |
| China (.cn) | 33% |
| India (.in) | 25.8% |
| United States of America (.us) | 22% |
| Brazil (.br) | 20.9% |
| Spain (.es) | 16.6% |
| Japan (.jp) | 15.6% |
| United Kingdom (.uk) | 15.3% |
| Australia (.au) | 15% |
| Russia (.ru) | 14.8% |
| France (.fr) | 14.5% |
| Canada (.ca) | 14.1% |
| Italy (.it) | 13.5% |
| Poland (.pl) | 13.1% |
| Sweden (.se) | 11.6% |
| Switzerland (.ch) | 9.8% |
| Netherlands (.nl) | 9.7% |
| Austria (.at) | 8.6% |
| Germany (.de) | 7.6% |
| Czechia (.cz) | 7.2% |
The gap between 27.6% and 14.2% is mostly a measurement choice. A crawler that stops at the first response sees only 45.9% return a clean 200; follow the redirects and read the bodies, and 71.9% are alive. Here is where every first response ends up.
| 200 OK → Alive | 4,584,611 (46.3%) |
| 3xx redirect → Alive | 2,677,304 (27%) |
| No response → Dead | 1,413,013 (14.3%) |
| 403 / 429 → Blocked | 410,511 (4.1%) |
| 3xx redirect → Blocked | 365,368 (3.7%) |
| 404 → Alive | 236,685 (2.4%) |
| No response → Blocked | 105,222 (1.1%) |
| 5xx → Alive | 85,728 (0.9%) |
| 3xx redirect → Redirect | 31,267 (0.3%) |
| 3xx redirect → Dead | 1,775 (0%) |
Split the 10 million by popularity and the dead rate climbs more than 20× — from 0.8% in the top 1,000 to 16.1% past rank 5 million — while blocked runs the other way, peaking at the popular head.
99.8% of dead domains sit below rank 100,000. The popular top-100K — where most web traffic lives — is only 2.2% dead, so weighted by attention the dead web nearly disappears: 14.2% of the top 10M by domain count, but only about 3% weighted by traffic:
share of the top 10M that are dead
the popular top-100K is only 2.2% dead
The same figures behind the charts above, as plain HTML tables — easy to copy, and machine-readable for search engines and AI answer engines that can't parse a chart.
| TLD | Domains | Dead | Dead % |
|---|---|---|---|
| .com | 4,403,688 | 563,545 | 12.8% |
| .org | 878,764 | 114,092 | 13% |
| .io | 363,234 | 10,113 | 2.8% |
| .de | 348,251 | 26,446 | 7.6% |
| .net | 347,414 | 69,151 | 19.9% |
| .ru | 301,639 | 44,780 | 14.8% |
| .jp | 253,187 | 39,563 | 15.6% |
| .uk | 244,776 | 37,525 | 15.3% |
| .fr | 135,021 | 19,567 | 14.5% |
| .edu | 128,968 | 28,357 | 22% |
| .it | 107,638 | 14,564 | 13.5% |
| .ca | 106,814 | 15,023 | 14.1% |
| .br | 99,202 | 20,693 | 20.9% |
| .au | 92,764 | 13,883 | 15% |
| .nl | 86,383 | 8,400 | 9.7% |
| .pl | 70,063 | 9,212 | 13.1% |
| .es | 67,984 | 11,305 | 16.6% |
| .eu | 67,354 | 10,582 | 15.7% |
| .ch | 64,850 | 6,350 | 9.8% |
| .in | 63,614 | 16,442 | 25.8% |
| .info | 61,440 | 17,362 | 28.3% |
| .co | 60,670 | 9,264 | 15.3% |
| .cz | 53,177 | 3,853 | 7.2% |
| .app | 48,858 | 2,054 | 4.2% |
| .se | 46,523 | 5,398 | 11.6% |
| .gov | 43,435 | 11,251 | 25.9% |
| .at | 43,092 | 3,696 | 8.6% |
| .cn | 42,827 | 14,144 | 33% |
| .us | 41,645 | 9,146 | 22% |
| .me | 39,043 | 5,501 | 14.1% |
| Failure reason | Domains |
|---|---|
| ok | 7,195,864 |
| dns_failed | 1,027,492 |
| timeout | 441,714 |
| forbidden | 441,603 |
| not_found | 294,610 |
| tls_error | 192,304 |
| server_error | 128,756 |
| rate_limited | 86,240 |
| connection_error | 75,364 |
| client_error | 38,180 |
| redirect | 18,761 |
| connection_refused | 17,453 |
| too_many_redirects | 12,537 |
| auth_required | 9,527 |
| connection_reset | 6,879 |
| anti_bot | 5,154 |
| unavailable_legal | 330 |
| Outcome | Domains |
|---|---|
| alive | 7,657,422 |
| dead | 1,412,544 |
| blocked | 891,517 |
| redirect | 31,298 |
| Rank band | Dead % | Blocked % |
|---|---|---|
| Top 1K | 0.8% | 12.9% |
| 1K–10K | 1.2% | 15.1% |
| 10K–100K | 2.3% | 10.8% |
| 100K–1M | 8.7% | 9.3% |
| 1M–5M | 13.3% | 9.3% |
| 5M–10M |
Search, filter by outcome, switch the probe arm, and sort. The full dataset is on GitHub. Click a domain to see how each arm fared.
| Rank | Domain | Outcome | Reason | Status | Final URL |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 4,801 | www.efsa.europa.eu | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.efsa.europa.eu/en |
| 4,802 | bing.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.bing.com:443/?toWww=1&redig=ABA938CF4A3E4A9EB3131A9182831FBD |
| 4,803 | www.google.ro | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.google.com/ |
| 4,804 | wiki.linuxfoundation.org | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://wiki.linuxfoundation.org |
| 4,805 | www.techtimes.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.techtimes.com |
| 4,806 | www.pa.gov | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.pa.gov |
| 4,807 | t1p.de | Alive | ok | 200 | https://t1p.de |
| 4,808 | www.lukew.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.lukew.com |
| 4,809 | comicvine.gamespot.com | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://comicvine.gamespot.com/ |
| 4,810 | www.numbeo.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.numbeo.com/cost-of-living/ |
| 4,811 | www.nhi.gov.tw | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://www.nhi.gov.tw |
| 4,812 | www.inegi.org.mx | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.inegi.org.mx |
| 4,813 | www.carnival.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.carnival.com |
| 4,814 | www.roland.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.roland.com/global/ |
| 4,815 | www.sdu.dk | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.sdu.dk/da |
| 4,816 | kottke.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://kottke.org |
| 4,817 | www.cplusplus.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://cplusplus.com/ |
| 4,818 | www.cbo.gov | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://www.cbo.gov |
| 4,819 | www.corriere.it | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.corriere.it |
| 4,820 | 4pda.to | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://4pda.to |
| 4,821 | www.nimh.nih.gov | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.nimh.nih.gov |
| 4,822 | events.linuxfoundation.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://events.linuxfoundation.org |
| 4,823 | www.sciencealert.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.sciencealert.com |
| 4,824 | doublethedonation.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://doublethedonation.com |
| 4,825 | gigazine.net | Alive | ok | 200 | https://gigazine.net |
| 4,826 | support.zoom.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://support.zoom.com/hc |
| 4,827 | www.encyclopedia.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.encyclopedia.com |
| 4,828 | support.bitly.com | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://support.bitly.com/hc/en-us |
| 4,829 | clang.llvm.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://clang.llvm.org |
| 4,830 | www.myheritage.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.myheritage.com |
| 4,831 | www.buckaroo.nl | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.buckaroo.nl |
| 4,832 | hammerjs.github.io | Alive | ok | 200 | https://hammerjs.github.io |
| 4,833 | librivox.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://librivox.org |
| 4,834 | www.toutiao.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.toutiao.com |
| 4,835 | books.google.co.uk | Alive | ok | 200 | https://books.google.co.uk |
| 4,836 | www.globes.co.il | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.globes.co.il |
| 4,837 | www.seg-social.es | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.seg-social.es/wps/portal/wss/internet/Inicio |
| 4,838 | www.myswitzerland.com | Alive | client_error | 406 | https://www.myswitzerland.com |
| 4,839 | www.servicenow.com | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://www.servicenow.com |
| 4,840 | www.mlssoccer.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.mlssoccer.com/ |
| 4,841 | chrispederick.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://chrispederick.com |
| 4,842 | www.factcheck.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.factcheck.org |
| 4,843 | www.hks.harvard.edu | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.hks.harvard.edu |
| 4,844 | kit.fontawesome.com | Alive | ok | 204 | https://kit.fontawesome.com |
| 4,845 | dublincore.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.dublincore.org/ |
| 4,846 | www.atlanticcouncil.org | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.atlanticcouncil.org |
| 4,847 | s3.us-west-2.amazonaws.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://aws.amazon.com/s3/ |
| 4,848 | www.oscars.org | Blocked | forbidden | 403 | https://www.oscars.org |
| 4,849 | www.abs.gov.au | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.abs.gov.au |
| 4,850 | www.ulta.com | Alive | ok | 200 | https://www.ulta.com |
We probe a top-popularity domain list HTTPS-first from a datacenter IP, following redirects, and label each domain alive, redirect, blocked, or dead by the evidence the probe captures — a final HTTP status, or a transport error plus whether a raw TCP connect still succeeds. A served 404, a 5xx, or a Cloudflare 52x is alive (the host answered); a 403/429 or anti-bot challenge is blocked; only no DNS, a refused/reset connection, or nothing accepting a connection is dead. Every domain is probed twice — as a polite bot and as a browser-like client (real Chrome TLS/JA3) — and the full per-domain dataset is open.
This measures whether the domain itself still resolves and answers — a different question from Pew Research’s 2024 link-rot study (25% of pages from 2013–2023 are gone; 38% of 2013 pages) and Ahrefs’ link-rot study (66.5% of links have rotted), which measure broken links insideliving pages. It is also not the “dead internet theory” — that is a claim about AI-generated content, not domain reachability.
Cite this
Crawlora (2026). Dead-Web Index 2026. 14.1% of 9,992,781 top domains are genuinely dead; 8.9% answer but block automated clients. https://crawlora.net/dead-web-index.
14.1% of the top 9,992,781 domains are genuinely dead — about 1,412,544 sites that no longer resolve in DNS or refuse every connection. That is far below the often-quoted "27.6% of the web is dead," which counted anti-bot blocks and answered errors as death.
A dead site never answers — no DNS record, or nothing accepts a TCP connection. A blocked site is alive and answering, it just refuses an automated client (a 403, 429, or anti-bot challenge). 8.9% of the top web (891,517 sites) is blocked, not dead — a distinction naive crawlers miss.
No. The dead internet theory is a claim that AI-generated content and bots have replaced human activity on the living web. This index measures the opposite and concrete thing: how many domains have gone completely dark and unreachable — DNS gone, connection refused, server gone.
Earlier top-10M crawls counted three non-dead things as dead: anti-bot 403/429 blocks, 404/5xx pages served by a live server, and domains a single flaky DNS resolver failed to look up. Classifying honestly — dead means genuinely unreachable — brings the real figure to 14.1%.
.cn has the highest death rate among common TLDs at 33%. Institutional TLDs like .gov and .edu also rank high — matching Pew Research's finding that government and reference pages suffer the worst link rot.
Anti-bot systems (Cloudflare, DataDome, and others) serve a 403 or a challenge to a datacenter IP while letting a real browser through. A matched browser TLS/JA3 fingerprint reaches the site where a naive bot is blocked — which is exactly why this index probes every domain twice, as a polite bot and as a browser-like client.
8.9% of the top web answers but blocks a naive bot. Crawlora escalates from a plain request to a real browser fingerprint only as far as a site demands, and bills on success — so you reach the live web that the 14.1% genuine dead doesn’t include.
| informational | 12 |
| unknown | 1 |
| 16.1% |
| 8.5% |